. Duke William of Bavaria censured Dr. Eck for misrepresenting to him the Lutheran opinions; and when the Romish doctor remarked that he could refute them with the Fathers, though not with the Scriptures, the Duke replied, 'I am to understand, then, that the Lutherans are within the Scriptures, and we are on the outside.' in the Zeitschrift f. hist. VII. pp. ), the Confession strongly reaffirms the ancient Catholic faith as laid down in the oecumenical Creeds, and condemns (damnamus) the old and new forms of Unitarianism and Arianism as heresies. ', 'Concerning the Lord's Supper, they teach that with bread and wine are truly exhibited the body and blood of Christ to those that eat in the Lord's Supper. [428] Popery itself, and many of its worst abuses, are not even touched, at least not expressly. Philipp Melanchthon The Confession of Faith "Confessio Augustana" is the official name of the Augsburg Confession. ; Zckler: l.c. Vol. [453] An attempt was made in the Bavarian Palatinate, in 1853, through the influence of Dr. Ebrard, to raise the Variata to the dignity of a symbolical book, but it proved abortive. und Apologie, Nrnberg, 1830. Quoted by Jacobson in art. The Augsburg Confession is directed against two different groups: It is opposed to abuses in the medieval church (some which still exist even today) and it is opposed to teachings adhered to by other Protestants, such as Zwingli and the Anabaptists. : 'With the Augsburg Confession,' he says in both places, 'begins the clearly recognized life of the Evangelical Protestant Church, the purified Church of the West, on which her enemies fixed the name Lutheran. ), Melanchthon asserts the corporalis prsentia, and even substitutes for vere adsint the stronger terms vere et substantialiter adsint. Gall used the Greek text of the Augsburg Confession published in Wittenberg in 1587, (see next photo below) which showed some mistakes in comparison with the first edition. and the canon law (Decretum Gratiani, veteres canones, and the exemplum ecclesi). 1 Also they teach that men cannot be justified before God by their own strength, merits, or works, but are freely justified for 2 Christ's sake, through faith, when they believe that they are received into favor, and that their sins are forgiven for Christ's sake, who, by His death, has made satisfaction for our sins. ), new obedience (VI. The word consubstantiation, however, is not found in the Lutheran symbols, and is rejected by Lutheran theologians if used in the sense of impanation. He was followed by Mrlin, Stssel, Wigand, Chytrus, Heshusius, and others. [416] Kahnis, in his Luther. Chancellor Pfaff, of Tbingen, first discovered at Mayence that the original German copy was lost long ago, and he published, in 1730, what was regarded as a true copy of the original; but he was fiercely assailed by Adami, Feuerlin, and others, and his discovery traced to a Jesuitical lie. His enemies, the Turks, were threatening to invade the empire and he expected allegiance from all his subjects. Dogm. XXVI. This is the title of the copy in the royal library at Dresden, which Melanchthon gave to Luther, with the words, in his own handwriting (below the title): 'D. 113-200; Plitt: Einleitung die Augustana (1867-68), I. pp. Kirchen-Reform. Art. He never liked the Zwinglian view of a symbolical presence, nor did he openly adopt the Calvinistic view of a spiritual real presence, but he inclined to it, and regarded the difference between this and the Lutheran view as no bar to Christian fellowship and church communion. Indulgences, pilgrimage, the popes authority, and the doctrine purgatory were not mentioned in order to appease and to emphasize the more important. 201 sqq. [417] After the delivery of the Confession, he wrote to Melanchthon, Sept.15, in an enthusiastic strain: 'You have confessed Christ, you have offered peace, you have obeyed the Emperor, you have endured injuries, you have been drenched in their revilings, you have not returned evil for evil. testati) estis in mundo: respicite et levate capita vestra, appropinquat redemtio vestra. Neither the one nor the other edition can be the expression of a union, or confederation of two distinct denominations, of which each has its own genius, history, and symbols of faith. [413] The Articuli XVII. This would be true, if the original distribuantur had been retained, and not exchanged for the more indefinite exhibeantur. [450] The German text of 1530 (1531) differs from the Latin, and is even stronger: 'Vom Abendmahl des Herrn wird also gelehret, dass wahrer Leib (the true body) und Blut Christi wahrhaftiglich (corresponding to the vere in the Latin text) unter (der) gestalt (under the form) des Brots und Weins im Abendmahl gegenwrtig sei, und da ausgetheilt und genommen wird (distributed and received). ), the millennium and final restoration (XVII.). According to tradition, in 1517, Martin Luther displayed 95 theses on the doors of the chapel of the castle of Wittenberg. ), the celibacy of the clergy (II. [446] The best text of the Variata, with the variations of later editions, is given in Corp. Reform. As for the catholic princes they refused to submit their profession of faith. Luther initiated a reformation movement with the aim of correcting the practices as well as the doctrine of the Church. Hence the Confession frequently appeals not only to the Scriptures, but also to the Fathers (Augustine, Ambrose, Chrysostom, etc.) They were drawn up by Luther, Melanchthon, Jonas, and Bugenhagen, at the command of the Elector of Saxony (then residing at Torgau), for presentation at the approaching Diet of Augsburg, and discuss the controverted articles on the marriage of priests, the communion of both kinds, the mass, the confession, the episcopal jurisdiction, ordination, monastic vows, invocation of saints, faith and works, etc. Just as living things have DNA, a blueprint of their identity, so churches have their own DNA, confessions which state what they believe. [438] Corp. Reform. II. [437] See the details in Weber, Kllner, and Bindseil. Et loquebar de testimoniis tuis in conspectu Regum, et non confundebar. 246 sqq.) And yet immediately after the delivery, which marks the height of his usefulness, the good man was in an almost desponding state, and was tormented by scruples whether he had not been conservative enough and taken too much liberty with the venerable Catholic Church. It was based on the Scriptures and on the first centuries of Church tradition, but also expressed Luthers theological views. [440] The various readings in Bindseil's edition, in the Corpus Reformatorum, cover as much space as the text itself. ), Melanchthon asserts the corporalis prsentia, and even substitutes for vere adsint the stronger terms vere et substantialiter adsint. '[432] Calvin wrote to Rev. The Emperor at first did not want to have it read at all, but simply presented; yielding this point, he sought to diminish its effect by having it read in Latin, but the Lutheran Princes resisted, and carried their point. [409] The best text, Latin and German, of the Confutatio Confessionis Augustan, with ample Prolegomena and the Summary of Cochlus, see in the 27th volume of the Corpus Reformatorum (1859), pp. Luther's Briefe, in De Wette's ed., Vol. The Lords Supper, for Zwingli, was only a memorial of Jesus supper long ago. [441] Comp. Witeberg.' p. 436) admits that 'the desire for an understanding with the Papists made Melanchthon a very decided opponent of the Swiss, and even of the Strasburgers. 3 This faith God imputes fo. and 512 sqq. [445] Under the title (as given in Corp. Reform. The editio princeps was issued by the author in both languages, together with the Latin Apology and a German translation of it by Jonas, at Wittenberg in 1531, in spite of the imperial prohibition, yet with the consent (though not by order) of the Elector of Saxony. Addictis statibus et subditis tribuunt, it etiam iis, qui inter illos Reformati vocantur, competere debeat.' 234 sqq. G. G. Weber: Kritische Geschichte der Augsb. Und wie nie hat er diese Gabe in diesem Falle verwerthet.' Ltamini etiam aliquando in Domino et exultate, justi: satis diu tristati (al. The Book of Concord of 1580 - Apology of the [Augsburg] Confession Similarly in his Ultima Admonitio ad Joach. M.D.X.X.X. See Kllner, p. 241; Zckler, pp. 211 sqq.). ', 'Concerning the Lord's Supper, they teach that the body and blood of Christ are truly present, and are distributed (communicated) to those that eat in the Lord's Supper. Think of it this way. 1-243. Most importantly, it says that the Lutheran movement is faithful to the apostles, Jesus first followers and witnesses, and that it was not departing from genuine catholic faith through innovative teachings. And finally, at the bottom of the column, you will find information about how you may purchase a copy of the Book of Concord, in several printed editions, as well as a digital edition. [452] Instrum. The brief conclusion (Epilogus) is from the same source, and is followed by the signatures of seven Princes and two magistrates. He published the results of his patient investigation in his Kritische Geschichte der Augsb. Nachrichten, Frankf. 248 sqq. of Luther's Letters, IV. So, we have some latitude in how we worship and live. Amen.' 40. ', The difference between the two editions was first observed, not by Protestants, but by the Roman controversialist, Dr. Eck, at a religious conference in Worms early in the year 1541. [424] Frstemann, Urkundenbuch, etc., I. p. 460, and Bindseil, Corp. [425] There was considerable controversy as to the genuineness of the signatures of two of seven Princes, viz., John Frederick of Saxony (the son of the Elector John) and Duke Francis of Lneburg. [443] He wrote to Joachim Camerarius, June 26 (a day after the delivery at Augsburg): 'Ego mutabam et refingebam pleraque quotidie, plura etiam mulaturus, si nostri sumphradmones [counselors] permisissent.' He admits, however, that the tenth article is 'calvinisirend' and 'bucerianisirend' in the sense of the Wittenberg Concordia of 1536, whereby Bucer, with Melanchthon's express co-operation, and the subsequent consent of Calvin, endeavored to unite the Lutherans and the Swiss. Library the principal changes are noted in foot-notes under the text of the Confession. He admits, however, that the tenth article is 'calvinisirend' and 'bucerianisirend' in the sense of the Wittenberg Concordia of 1536, whereby Bucer, with Melanchthon's express co-operation, and the subsequent consent of Calvin, endeavored to unite the Lutherans and the Swiss. The Augsburg Confession. [1065] The German text in Heppe, pp. Nevertheless, the Variata was again used, either alone or alongside with the Invariata, at several subsequent conferences, probably at Ratisbon, 1541, certainly at Ratisbon in 1546, and at Worms, 1557. the concluding words: 'Si quid in hoc confessione desiderabitur, parati sumus latiorem informationem, Deo volente, juxta Scripturas exhibere.'. Similarly in his Ultima Admonitio ad Joach. 536 sqq., II. They are only a Lutheran revision and enlargement of the Marburg Articles, and seem to have been drawn up in that town, and then presented before a convent of Lutheran princes and delegates at Schwabach, Oct. 16, and again before a similar convent at Smalcald, Nov. 29. He was followed by Mrlin, Stssel, Wigand, Chytrus, Heshusius, and others. Addictis statibus et subditis tribuunt, it etiam iis, qui inter illos Reformati vocantur, competere debeat.' Suobacences (which must not be confounded with the Twenty-two Articles of a previous convent at Schwabach, near Nuremberg. (1.) 3 sqq. und deutsch. (Halis Saxonum, 1835) contains the Epistles of Melanchthon from Jan.1, 1530, to Dec.25, 1535; Vol. Kahnis also (Luth. 1-243. All other Christians are expressly excluded by the Treaty; and yet the Popes have always, though vainly, protested in the strongest terms (damnamus, reprobamus, cassamus, annullamus, vacuamus) even against this partial concession to the principle of religious freedom; taking the ground that Papists alone have a legal right to exist on German soil. But, though announced on the title-page of the quarto edition just referred to, it appeared six months later, in . (3.) Eng. In 1781 Georg Gottlieb Weber, chief pastor at Weimar, was allowed to make a thorough search in the archives of Mayence, and found to his surprise that the copy shown him as the original was the printed German octavo edition of 1540, bearing on the title-page the words 'Wittenberg, M.D.X.L.' He gave up, on the one hand, his views on absolute predestination, and gradually adopted the synergistic theory (which brought him nearer to the Roman Catholic system); while on the other hand (departing further from Romanism and approaching nearer to the Reformed Church), he modified the Lutheran theory of the real presence, at least so far as to allow the Reformed doctrine the same right in the evangelical churches. (Briefe, IV. Fourteen of them were fully approved by Zwingli and his friends, and in the 15th, which treats of the Lord's Supper, they agree to disagree as to the mode of Christ's presence. [439] The Latin text of the Book of Concord is substantially from Melanchthon's quarto edition of 1531, and was supposed to correspond entirely with an imaginary Latin manuscript in Mayence. M.D.X.X.X.I.' Zckler, l.c. XXVI. 5 (De discrimine ciborum): 'Of this persuasion concerning traditions many disadvantages have followed in the Church. XVIII. Some of his best friends began unjustly to doubt his loyalty to evangelical truth, and Philip of Hesse, one of the signers of tie Confession, wrote to Zwingli, 'Master Philip goes backward like a crab. In brief, you have worthily done God's holy work as becometh saints. p. 450; Sthelin, Joh. [448] In Art. [408] So Brentius, who was at Augsburg at the time, reports (cum Confessio legeretur, obdormivit). However, God gives us commands which we are unable to do even though they are good in themselves. Be glad, then, in the Lord, and exult, ye righteous. (Photo courtesy of A Historical Life Picture, Philadelphia; J.F. Aside from other difficulties, the Reformed and the majority of Unionists, together with a considerable body of Lutherans, can never conscientiously subscribe to the tenth article as it stands in the proper historical Confession of 1530; while orthodox Lutherans, on the other hand, will repudiate the Altered edition of 1540. Unlike prior calls for structural reform, Luther sought a foundational reform that would change everything built on it. the Corpus Reform., Vol. At the end: 'Impressum per Georgiam Rhau. The words diligenter recognita (in the German edition, mit vleis emendirt) openly indicate the changes. Charles V, the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, which included Germany, was loyal to the pope, the head of the church. Considering the length of the document, this is not inconsistent with the other statement of Jonas and Spalatin, that he, like most of the other Princes, was quite attentive (satis attentus erat Csar). The Articles are signed by Luther, Jonas, Melanchthon, Osiander, Agricola, and Brentius, on the part of the Lutherans, and by OEcolampadius, Zwingli, Bucer, and Hedio on the part of the Reformed. God gives his mercy as a promise, a word which gives sinners like us new life: because Jesus has died and risen for sinners, we are welcomed into Gods arms. [421] Part II. p. 17; Luther's Works, Erlang. Art. (see 40). 132 sqq.) II. [423] The Anabaptists are expressly condemned (damnamus), like heretics, for their views on infant baptism and infant salvation (IX. In 1530, emperor CharlesV summoned German princes to a diet in Augsburg to put an end to ecclesiastic dissensions. 1557. Corp. Ref. imp. Leipzig, 1829. Augsb. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! The philosophical foundation of this dogma is the ubiquity (either absolute or relative) of Christ's body, which is a part of the Lutheran Christology. Amen.' Download Full Text (2.5 MB) Loading. Luther himself changed the Articles of Smalcald after they had been publicly acknowledged. on the Internet. The Westphalian Treaty, in 1648, formally embraced the Reformed, together with the Roman Catholics and Lutherans, in the peace of the German Empire; and henceforth subscription to the Augsburg Confession of 1530 or 1540 ceased to be a necessary condition of toleration. ), and the secular power of the bishops, as far as it interferes with the purity and spirituality of the Church (VII.). [447] In Art. Confession (gekrnte Preisschrift). Confession als Gesammtlbekenntniss unserer evang. The second part rejects, in seven articles, those abuses of Rome which were deemed most objectionable, and had been actually corrected in the Lutheran churches, namely, the withdrawal of the communion cup from the laity (I. Bindseil (pp. IV. ; Zckler: l.c. One of their leaders, however, Philip of Hesse, openly sympathized with Zwingli, and had to be specially urged by Luther to subscribe the Confession, which he did with a dissent from the tenth article. The Melanchthonians and the Reformed still adhered to the Variata. ', [431] For a hearty estimate of the value of the Confession from the Lutheran stand-point, see Dr. Krauth's introduction to his translation, pp. p. 330), who proposes that the Augsburg Confession be made, not indeed the Union Symbol, but the Confederation Symbol of German Evangelical Christendom. 246 sqq.) 775 sqq. Imp. p. 205. This impelled Melanchthon to show Lutheran faithfulness to genuine catholic (meaning universal) teaching and so develop a confession of faith. [439]. JoeOndreicka Theol., Leipz. In Vol. The first Lutheran divine who publicly censured and condemned the Variata was Flacius, at the colloquy of Weimar, 1560. May Christ our Lord help, that it may bring forth much and great fruit, as we hope and pray. Histor. pp. 35 sqq. 4, 5, 6, 18, 20, 21, of Part First, and the order of the first five articles in Part Second. Saturday, June 25, 1530, 3:00 p.m., must go down as a red-letter day and hour for every Lutheran. ; the history in Kllner, I.-pp. p. 220 sq. For Ulrich Zwingli, reformation meant that the church should follow specific biblical patterns for worship and that secular culture should likewise follow biblical patterns. Kllner (Vol. ), ecclesiastical rites (XV. Schalling, at Ratisbon, 1557: 'Nec vero Augustanam Confessionem repudio, cui pridem volens ac libens subscript, sicut eam auctor ipse interpretatus est' (Epp. '[431] For a hearty estimate of the value of the Confession from the Lutheran stand-point, see Dr. Krauth's introduction to his translation, pp. He had taken the leading part in the important preparatory labors, namely, the Fifteen, Articles of the Marburg Conference (Oct.3, 1529), [412] the Seventeen Articles of Schwabach (Oct.16, 1529), [413] which correspond to the first or positive part of the Augsburg Confession, and the so-called Articles of Torgau (March 20, 1530), [414] which form the basis of its second or polemical part. : Being under the papal excommunication and the imperial ban since the Diet of Worms (1521), Luther could not safely venture to Augsburg, but he closely watched the proceedings of the Diet from the Castle of Coburg on the Saxon frontier, praying, translating the prophets, writing childlike letters to his children, and manly letters to princes, singing Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott, giving his advice at every important step, and encouraging his timid and desponding friend Melanchthon. By Dr. Jack Kilcrease. (De Wette's ed. Westphalum, Genev. The Augsburg Confession was presented June 25, 1530, in German and Latin at the Diet of Augsburg to the emperor Charles V by seven Lutheran princes and two imperial free cities. Dogmatik, II. The Augsburg Confession, 1530. - Bible Hub pp. It was to become the lutheran confession of faith as soon as 1555. consensu placuit, ut quicquid publica hc transactio, in eaque decisio gravaminum ceteris Calholicis, et Augustan Conf. on the historical details of the sources of the Augs. [406] The imperial letter convening the diet, dated Bologna, Jan. 21, 1530, was purchased by J. P. Morgan, 1911, for 25,000 and presented to William II., who, in turn, decorated Mr. Morgan with the order of the Black Eagle.--Ed. 5 (De discrimine ciborum): 'Of this persuasion concerning traditions many disadvantages have followed in the Church. Dr. Schulz explains why there is a Latin and German version of the Augsburg Confession in the Book of Concord. Ps. 1861 (against Rckert and Heppe); Heppe: Entstehung and Fortbildung des Lutherthums, Cassel, 1863, pp. (1870), pp. Die Apologie der Augsburg. Conf. ; and Zckler: Die Augsb. M.D.X.X.X. See Kllner, l.c. Hence the Confession frequently appeals not only to the Scriptures, but also to the Fathers (Augustine, Ambrose, Chrysostom, etc.) pp. This formed an important epoch in the history of the Reformation. It is, to a certain extent, also the Confession of the Reformed and the so-called Union Churches, in Germany, namely, with the explanations and modifications of the author himself in the edition of 1540, which extended, as it were, the hand of fellowship to them (see below). I will canonize you as faithful members of Christ, and what greater glory can you desire! Conf., was satisfied with Art. In theology and Christology, i.e., the doctrines of God's unity and trinity (Art. pp. The Confession, as delivered before the Diet of Augsburg in 1530, or, in the absence of the original text, the edition of 1531, carefully prepared by Melanchthon himself, is the proper historical Confession of Augsburg, and will always remain so. 536 sqq., II. He was, moreover, hard pressed by Romish divines and politicians, and was ready to make serious concessions for the sake of unity and peace. 3 sqq. On the 19th of November 1530, the diet in Augsburg gave the following verdict: the Lutheran doctrine is disproved by the Scriptures. Anno. Some copies of the printed Confession seem to have reached Augsburg before the close of the Diet. [440] The various readings in Bindseil's edition, in the Corpus Reformatorum, cover as much space as the text itself. Historie vom Lutherthum. We believe that people will get along better if they do not argue about religion. God grants his favor and love to this sinful world. On the 25th of June, 1530, the Confession was read aloud, in the German language, [407] before the assembled representatives of Church and State, and in the hearing of a monarch in whose dominions the sun never set. Vol. ); Consistorialrath Leop. 1870, No. Great as the Augsburg Confession is, the Church will produce something greater still whenever the Spirit of God moves it to a new act of faith in opposition to the unbelief and misbelief of modern times. Since Luther had been expelled from the church in 1521 and had likewise been declared an outlaw by the Diet of Worms, he was not able to attend this Diet at Augsburg called for by the emperor. V.:' 'Reddita e Germanico Pontani tunc per Justum Jonam. The general Protestant views in opposition to Rome appear in the articles on justification by faith (IV. shows that the Confession was already printed (but not issued) in November, 1530, and that the whole volume, with the Apology, was finished in April or May, 1531. Bretschneider and Bindseil. Fourteen of them were fully approved by Zwingli and his friends, and in the 15th, which treats of the Lord's Supper, they agree to disagree as to the mode of Christ's presence. (issued, Brunsvig, 1858), pp.263 sqq. 255 sqq. 122-127 (in German), with the textual variations. I. p. 431 sq. p. With an intense study of the Bible, Luther came to see that the gospel is not rules by which we are to live. It was based on the Scriptures and on the first centuries of Church tradition, but also expressed Luther's theological views. ), on confession and absolution (XI. This is true as far as the spirit and the literary composition are concerned; but as to the doctrines, Luther had a right to say, 'The Catechism, the Exposition of the Ten Commandments, and the Augsburg Confession, are mine. It is hallowed by the prayers of Luther, among the most ardent that ever burst from the human heart; it is made sacred by the tears of Melanchthon, among the tenderest which ever fell from the eyes of man. Philadelphia, 1869. [415], Luther thus produced the doctrinal matter of the Confession, while Melanchthon's scholarly and methodical mind freely reproduced and elaborated it into its final shape and form, and his gentle, peaceful, compromising spirit breathed into it a moderate, conservative tone. A Guide to the Augsburg Confession - 1517 They forced Charles the Fifth to side with them. Kirche, XVII. From the very beginning, however, a German translation was, if not begun, at least planned. pp. [424] It is clumsy, tortuous, dragging, extremely obsequious, and has no other merit than to introduce the reader into the historical situation.
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