It was shown that living closer to landfilling areas is associated with respiratory diseases like asthma. We confirm that we have given due consideration to the protection of intellectual property associated with this work and that there are no impediments to publication, including the timing of publication, with respect to intellectual property. Schematic representation of the Theory of Environmentally Responsible Behavior (ERB). The gases released from landfills result into air pollution of the area surrounding the establishment, in addition to the release of bio-contaminants. Waste management, informal recycling, environmental pollution and public health. The municipal landfills are one of the preferred methods for dealing with the largely increasing solid waste challenge. Solid waste disposed of in landfills is generally subjected to complicated biochemical and physical procedures resulting in both leachate and gaseous emissions being produced. In essence, the deposited waste should be covered by soil at the end of each day. @2022 - All Right Reserved. (2014) conducted a study on chemical pollution and toxicity of water samples from stream receiving leachate from a controlled MSW landfill. This occurs, particularly, when the liners within the landfills are not as adequate as required. In the event any plants are dying, it could be an indication of CH4 release from the land. Contamination of drinking water with moderately high levels of toxic metal due to percolation of leachate, Waste entered water systems such as river, Increased cancer mortality and congenital malformations were found to be in excess in studies, Reviewed studies show health impacts such as respiratory disease, heart diseases, and allergic hypersensitivity, Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances were found to be higher in leachate which is of concern as they are persistent, Landfills can be a source of dioxin pollution which can cause craniofacial defects. Various scientific databases have been searched for this purpose, such as ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, eNature, JSTOR, LiveScience, Google Scholar, and Scopus. In the event that the land used for the purpose of landfilling is filled up, impervious clay is used for sealing it and rendering it safe, so that the area can be further used for other activities (Qasim and Chiang 2017). Basic information about landfills. Received 2021 Nov 19; Accepted 2022 Jun 15. Secondly, most industrial chemicals have very limited market value, so it is not economically viable to recycle them or dispose of them at specialized facilities (such as incinerators) that can handle these substances safely again sending toxins into our environment for future generations to bear the burden when were long gone. The extraction and transportation of plastic is dependent on oil, gas, and coal. This is apparent when you consider how improper waste disposal affects the environment. When you throw your garbage, it doesn't automatically disappear in your bins. Palmiotto M, Fattore E, Paiano V, Celeste G, Colombo A, Davoli E. Influence of a municipal solid waste landfill in the surrounding environment: toxicological risk and odor nuisance effects. Fig.1).1). Limoli et al. Other adverse child health impacts linked to e-waste include changes in lung function, respiratory and respiratory effects, DNA damage, impaired thyroid function and increased risk of some chronic diseases later in life, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. In rural areas, most of the landfills are closed and small in size that rarely affect the quality of living; however, there might influence the value of the nearby properties. If they contain toxic chemicals like dioxin they can reach the air that people breathe and cause a public health risk. Loss of Habitats and Lowering of Biodiversity 8. Najafi Saleh H, Valipoor S, Zarei A, Yousefi M, Baghal Asghari F, Mohammadi AA, Amiri F, Ghalehaskar S, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Meanwhile more than 18 million children and adolescents, some as young as 5 years of age, are actively engaged in the informal industrial sector, of which waste processing is a sub-sector. Written by Megan Chamberlain 10 Mar 2019 Diseases Caused by Improper Healthcare Waste Disposal While most medical waste is deemed non-hazardous, up to 25% of discarded medical waste is hazardous and can cause injury, illness, or diseases in humans or animals along with other dangers to the environment. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. 2016). Thus, unmanaged landfills have detrimental impact especially because such landfills can have a wide mixture of waste. 2018). Guidance on solid waste and health Solid waste refers to any type of garbage, trash, refuse or discarded material. Root Cause Analysis | reyesreynel Triassi M, Alfano R, Illario M, Nardone A, Caporale O, Montuori P. Environmental pollution from illegal waste disposal and health effects: a review on the Triangle of Death. 2018). Flooding 9. This is a rising issue that many countries do not recognize yet as a health problem. Although this exclusion may be due to the nature of this study being dependent on patients information, it provides new dimension to think about personal bias or the placebo effects especially when counteracting seemingly non-threatening diseases associated with landfills, unless proved otherwise by medicinal science (Goorah et al. Improper disposal practice of unused and expired pharmaceutical IOSR J Environ Sci Toxicol Food Technol (IOSR-JESTFT). Improper Waste Disposal Caused By The Use Of Plastic Bags. -Improper Waste Disposal causes health issues such as respiratory disease and gastroenteritis. In this study, it was recommended to proper cover the landfill at the end of each day and place agents to dilute the odors (Njoku et al. The authors of this study speculated that any metal release (derived from the wastes) to the adjacent Thames estuary, should they erode completely, will, i.e., increase the copper (Cu) levels 6.4 times. Most of the debate and regulation of pollution is based around these classifications, but focus is increasingly moving to inter-media impacts, such as the acidification of lakes and streams induced by air pollution or the disposal of sludge and other residuals from air and water pollution control measures on soil or in the ocean. The relevant articles were then downloaded and reviewed thoroughly. On the other side, the indirect environmental effects of human operations are not premeditated and pre-planned, and these effects arise from those human operations aimed at accelerating the pace of economic growth, particularly industrial development. Only 17.4% of e-waste produced in 2019 reached formal management or recycling facilities, according to the most recent GESP estimates, the rest was illegally dumped, overwhelmingly in low- or middle-income countries, where it is recycled by informal workers. There are also non-communicable diseases (NCDs) that are brought about due to environmental pollution, such as cancer and asthma, or several defects evident at birth among infants (Reinhart and Townsend 2018). "Improper Waste Disposal in The Philippines." However, illegal and uncontrolled landfills (mostly known as open dumpsites) are, unfortunately, prevalent in many developing countries. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. It caused bigger problems that affect not only the environment but also the health and life of the people. For instance, in high-income economies, the degree of isolation is deemed to be very high (Ziraba et al. After a long time, when they become cumulative, the indirect effects are encountered (Huda et al. 2017). 2016). Land Dumping Landfills are the most common method to store waste. They reported that CH4, H2S, CO2, NH4, and other air pollutants were released with anaerobic decomposition of waste in the MSW landfills. As many as 12.9 million women are working in the informal waste sector, which potentially exposes them to toxic e-waste and puts them and their unborn children at risk. (2017), land is frequently used as a waste treatment recipient, accepting spills of waste. (2019) reported that illegal landfilling has adverse health effects on people living near the landfills and that it is more harmful to children, as their immune systems are still developing and because they spend most of the time outside their homes. Too many Single-Use Plastics Soulandland & Privacy Policy, 5 Major Causes Of Improper Waste Disposal, Improper garbage management has led many third world countries into an unhealthy cycle where the very thing keeping them afloat their natural resources- becomes toxic as they are used for fuel or fertilizers before being disposed of improperly again, resulting in, https://soulandland.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Causes-Of-Improper-Waste-Disposal.wav, Improper Waste Disposal Caused By Lack Of Education, Improper Waste Disposal Caused By Deficient Municipal Infrastructures, Improper Waste Disposal Caused By Industries, Improper Waste Disposal Caused By Agriculture, land management from agriculture increases, Caused By Deficient Municipal Infrastructures, Effects of Improper Waste Disposal On Environment, Main Causes Of Poverty In The Philippines. This has resulted into various studies being carried out to explore how this affected the human health. 2009). We understand that the corresponding author is the sole contact for the editorial process (including the editorial manager and direct communications with the office). Cucchiella F, DAdamo I, Gastaldi M. Sustainable waste management: waste to energy plant as an alternative to landfill. The two most established forms of pollution in low-income countries are those of air and water. This is particularly evident when landfills are not well engineered and/or maintained in a decent operational state; in such cases, there might be some leakages within the underground water, adversely affecting the life of the adjacent residents. Those who experience imposter syndrome tend to believe they are undeserving, inadequate, and can feel overwhelmed by self-doubt. Effects of Improper Waste Disposal On Environment - Soul and Land Koda E, Miszkowska A, Podlasek A. According to Majolagbe et al. While the concentration of these pollutants have been published to be lower than regulatory limits, any exposure to land fill gases (LFG) such as those of H2S and NH4, even at lower concentrations, had a negative impact on the respiratory system and the general immunity of children living near the landfill. Theory of reasoned/responsible action. Hossain M, Das S, Hossain M. Impact of landfill leachate on surface and ground water quality. Gworek B, Dmuchowski W, Koda E, Marecka M, Baczewska HA, Brgoszewska P, Sieczka A, Osiski P. Impact of the municipal solid waste ubna landfill on environmental pollution by heavy metals. Nuisances like flies, odors, smoke, and noise are often cited among the reasons why people do not want to live near landfills. Common types of green waste will include mulch, weeds, leaves, tree branches, flowers, biodegradable food waste, grass trimmings, etc. In addition, elevated levels of suspended solids silt up waterways and channels of navigation, necessitating frequent dredging. Li J, Wang C, Du L, Lv Z, Li X, Hu X, Niu Z, Zhang Y. Kazour M, Terki S, Rabhi K, Jemaa S, Khalaf G, Amara R. Sources of microplastics pollution in the marine environment: importance of wastewater treatment plant and coastal landfill. Post monsoon, the groundwater quality, at several sampled stations, dropped either below the acceptable limit or the extent of groundwater pollution increased (Mishra et al. Emerging perspectives on VOC emissions from landfill sites: impact on tropospheric chemistry and local air quality. In the research of Damstra (2002), it was stated that exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) can put women at risk for breast cancer among other factors, although there are no studies that show a direct increase in the levels of breast cancer with exposure to EDC. The waste is only considered to be safe after it has undergone complete biological, chemical, and physical degradation. is a huge contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. These indirect impacts of human economic activity can alter the general natural environment structure, and the chain impacts sometimes degrade the environment to such a degree that it becomes suicidal to humans. Plastic waste produces greenhouse gas emissions during every stage of its lifecycle. Occupational health hazards related to informal recycling of E-waste in India: an overview. In Proceedings, LINNAEUS ECO-TECH 2012 International Conference on: Natural Science and Environmental Technologies for waste and wastewater treatment remeditation emissions related to climate environmental and economic effect. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Most of the studies carried out have revealed that landfilling has, indeed, been associated with health issues, as a result of emissions of SoC to the air. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. 2016). Agricultural and industrial waste can also pose severe health hazards. CO2 in the atmosphere helps to maintain the earth warm enough to be habitable, but the accumulation of vast amounts of surplus CO2, generated by the use of fossil fuel and other sources, is now threatening to change the climate of the planet. In conclusion, improper waste disposal caused by agricultural practices has devastating consequences for our planet-we need cleaner ways of living if we want sustainable futures! The bottom of a landfill is protected to ensure that underground water is not contaminated. (2015) conducted a study on the environmental pollution from illegal waste disposal and health effects. Municipal waste landfills are specifically designed so as to receive the household waste and other non-hazardous waste (Krmar et al. Table Table11 summarizes and depicts a consolidated view of these articles reviewed, together with any associated environmental and/or health impact of the various types of landfills reported therein. Grygorczuk-Petersons E, Wiater J. Goorah SSD, Esmyot MLI, Boojhawon R. The health impact of nonhazardous solid waste disposal in a community : the case of the Mare Chicose landfill in Mauritius. Upon contact with water, some contaminants dissolve and leach into the soil and contaminate the underwater table. Mattiello A, Chiodini P, Bianco E, Forgione N, Flammia I, Gallo C, Pizzuti R, Panico S. Health effects associated with the disposal of solid waste in landfills and incinerators in populations living in surrounding areas: a systematic review. In order to keep the environment clean we should work on the major causes of improper waste disposal. Hence, their long-term influence is released via the ground and through the soil. This is the top and largest layer, used to store the waste collected by various companies. In such a situation, people might need to consider relocating. The report was produced with the input and support of the E-Waste Coalition. It can be categorized according to where the waste is generated, for example as municipal solid waste, health care waste and e-waste. Of the entire population across the planet, children are the most affected people when it comes to environmental pollution since any particle getting through their system may potentially results in long-term disabilities, as well as premature deaths (Kumar et al. For perspective, last years e-waste weighed as much as 350 cruise ships placed end to end to form a line 125km long. They are complex and costly for recycling, so its best if theyre not used in the first place. The lack of education in communities around the globe makes it difficult for them to find ways and proper methods on what they can do with trash. The commonality with all plastics is their resistance to biodegradation; this means that even after many years have passed, there will still be some type of trace leftover from our consumption habits today, which creates an environmental issue when improperly disposed of into landfills or as litter on streets where wastewater flows might take it away downstream. In both current and new installations, the migration of gas and leachate away from landfill limits and their release into the atmosphere pose severe environmental concerns. Landfills were seen to have an influence on biodiversity and the flora and fauna, as well as the aquatic life. Causes of Improper Waste Management There are several reasons that waste gets improperly managed. The PTEs could interact with the soil system and enter the food chain, thus causing harmful effects to the human population (Rezapour et al. Improper garbage management has led many third world countries into an unhealthy cycle where the very thing keeping them afloat their natural resources- becomes toxic as they are used for fuel or fertilizers before being disposed of improperly again, resulting in contaminated soil, waterways, air quality, and wildlife habitats that have been rendered sterile by depleted ecological systems due mainly from human activities such as mining coal without considering its impact on groundwater supplies. One of the significant causes for improper waste disposal is due to deficient municipal infrastructures. However, marine life and ocean habitats are still suffering the effects. He, also, noted that the health risks associated with individuals directly involved in the waste management system is much higher due to their proximity to the hazard and that the cases of adverse effects are higher among workers than the residents near the landfill. These emissions pose potential threats to human health and environmental quality. It is through a landfill that the necessary isolation of waste from the surrounding occurs. The potential risk of environmental contamination by mercury contained in Polish coal mining waste. Plastic is not biodegradable, meaning it will never decompose and can have adverse effects on the environment if left to linger in landfills or waterways. According to this theory, the internal control center has an influence on the intention of people to act. Exposure to bioaerosols at open dumpsites: a case study of bioaerosols exposure from activities at Olusosun open dumpsite, Lagos Nigeria. Jayawardhana et al. Uncontrolled dumping and improper waste handling causes a variety of problems, including contaminating water, attracting insects and rodents, and increasing flooding due to blocked drainage canals or gullies. Human exposure to pollution from landfill is thought to be more intense in human life now more than ever. Przydatek and Kanownik (2019) define desk study as the collection of information from available sources, and it is one of the low-cost techniques, compared to field work (Przydatek and Kanownik 2019). Plant Death 4. The CH4 gas produced by the decomposition of the landfilled waste is harnessed and used to generate energy. Sanitary landfill is the most popular and convenient technique of MSW disposal. These gases have been associated with respiratory health challenges and some specific types of cancer, e.g., lung cancer. Some of the landfill gases expose people that live around the area of such establishments with respiratory infections (Cucchiella et al. For a lot of municipal and some industrial waste, recycling of materials is practical to some extent, where a tiny, but increasing percentage of solid waste, is being recycled. Estimating emissions from open burning of municipal solid waste in municipalities of Nepal. This will ensure that animals and flies are not able to dig up the waste. 2018). Direct or deliberate effects of human activity are pre-planned and premeditated because man is conscious of the effects, both positive and negative, of any program initiated to alter or modify the natural environment for the economic development of the region involved. 2017). When the body metabolizes these PTEs, they become toxic, being accumulated on soft tissues. As of the mid-1970s, a number of chemicals were detected to have been leaked to the nearby streams and sewers. Encouraging the environmentally sound management of C&D waste in China: an integrative review and research agenda. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Some of the design requirements for hazardous waste landfills include double liners, double leachate collection and removal systems, leak detection systems, dispersal controls, construction quality assurance, etc. By looking at its definition, pollution is considered to be very harmful, too much of which occurs at the incorrect location. They also were above legislative limits. 2015). Interestingly, it was also found that many other symptoms of health issues were reported; however, they were attributed to either the confounding factors or to a pan symptom effect, personal bias. The impact of landfill on the surrounding environment can be diverse depending on the different processes or methods that have been employed to it. Brand JH, Spencer KL. E-waste recycling operations can cause higher levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans which may even impact on the health of next generations . Open dumping of municipal solid waste and its hazardous impacts on soil and vegetation diversity at waste dumping sites of Islamabad city. According to the Energy Information Administration, these gases are greenhouse gasses that can destroy the earth's ozone layer and contribute to . (Redrawn from source: Akintunde (2017)). 2016). There are various avenues through which these PTEs can gain access to human bodies, for instance, through absorption via the skin, food, and air, as well as water (Damigos et al. CH4 is toxic, as well as volatile; thereby, its release to the atmosphere could significantly contribute to the global warming effect. According to this theory, there is a link between intentions to act and the final behavior of an individual as predicted by the attitudes.
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